Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a common chronic skin condition characterized by inflammation, dryness, and intense itching. It can affect people of all ages, though it often begins in childhood. The exact cause of eczema is unknown, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Individuals with eczema typically have an overactive immune system that reacts strongly to irritants, allergens, or other triggers, leading to flare-ups.

Common symptoms include red, dry, scaly patches of skin that may crack, ooze, or become thickened over time. These symptoms can appear anywhere on the body but are most commonly found on the hands, elbows, knees, face, and scalp. Itching can be severe and persistent, often leading to scratching that worsens the condition and increases the risk of infection.

Eczema is not contagious, but it can significantly impact a person’s quality of life. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing flare-ups through moisturizing, avoiding triggers, and using medications such as topical corticosteroids or antihistamines. In some cases, phototherapy or immunosuppressive drugs may be recommended. While there is no cure for eczema, proper management can help individuals lead comfortable and healthy lives.